从宝宝出生的那一刻起，他们开始快速吸收知识，通过观察周围的世界并与之互动来学习
宝宝的第一次交流，也是儿童语言的第一种形式，是原始的哭声，他们很快学会了这种哭声，他们的需求就会得到满足。但是在几个月内，宝宝开始专注于父母的言语并发展他们的语言能力。
实际上，孩子在生命的头三年中学习得最多，这是语言的关键时期 发展。在这段时间里，他们的大脑吸收了所有视觉和声音，以惊人的速度发育。
作为家长，你可以通过创造一个语言丰富的环境和监控孩子的语言发展来帮助培养孩子的技能。
言语和语言发展阶段：
下面，我们概述了典型的里程碑，以帮助您监控孩子的进步，以及支持他们成长的策略。在查看这张语言发展图表时，请记住每个宝宝都是独一无二的，这些技能是按照自己的节奏获得的。
如果你对某件事是否正常有疑问，请咨询你的孩子的儿科医生。
| Age |
Milestones |
Support Strategies |
| 0-3 Months |
- Baby coos.
- Baby reacts to loud sounds.
- Baby responds to parent’s voice.
|
- Talk and sing to your baby frequently.
- Respond to your baby’s coos and babbles to encourage interaction.
|
| 4-6 Months |
- Baby looks in the direction of sounds.
- Baby enjoys toys that make noise and music.
- Baby starts babbling using consonant sounds, like “ba-ba-ba” or “da-da-da.”
|
- Keep talking, playing, and singing!
- Introduce toys that make sounds to stimulate interest.
|
| 7-12 Months |
- Baby turns and looks in the direction of sounds.
- Baby responds to their name.
- Baby understands basic words like “more,” “bye-bye,” “bottle” and may respond to simple commands like “no.”
- Baby plays games like peek-a-boo.
- Baby uses gestures (like pointing, reaching for “up” and shaking head) to communicate.
- Baby babbles using long strings of consonants and vowels.
- Many babies say their first word around the one-year mark.
|
- Read to your baby using books with large, colorful pictures.
- Label objects as you move about your day and encourage your baby to try out the sounds. (“This is a cup. Can you say cup?”)
|
| 1-2 Years |
- Baby (who’s not such a baby anymore!) continues to add words to their vocabulary, reaching approximately 50 words by 24 months.
- Child can string together two-word sentences, like “Want more” or “Hold me.”
- Child can point to some body parts, group familiar objects, and make animal sounds.
- Child can respond to simple questions (such as “What’s that?”) and follow one-step directions (such as “Pick up the ball.”)
|
- Listen actively and continue to engage with your child on their own level. Nod, smile, and ask questions to encourage them to keep talking.
- Encourage naming objects and actions in daily routines.
- Challenge your child with toys, tasks, and games that require some thinking or planning.
|
| 2-3 Years |
- Child can form three to four-word sentences and has a vocabulary of at least a hundred words.
- Child can express themselves or label items as needed.
- Child can answer simple questions and respond to two-step commands (such as “Pick up the ball and bring it here.”)
- People who know your child can understand their pronunciation, even if it’s challenging at times.
|
- Arrange playdates or group activities to provide opportunities for your child to practice their communication skills with other kids.
- Continue reading and storytelling, asking your child questions about the stories as you go along.
|
| 3-4 Years |
- Child’s sentences become more complex, and they can tell stories with greater fluency.
- Child can speak about ideas and feelings, in addition to making literal observations.
- Child can recall past experiences and describe imaginary events.
- Strangers can understand most of what your child says.
|
- Encourage your child to talk about their day.
- Enter your child’s world by engaging in pretend play and imaginary stories.
- Continue expanding their vocabulary by reading, socializing, and singing together.
|
何时寻求专业帮助
虽然每个孩子都按照自己的节奏成长，但遗漏或延迟的里程碑可能表明需要进行专业评估。而且，如果您发现任何年龄的听力、言语、胡言乱语或社交能力丧失，请联系您的儿科医生。
你的孩子的医生可能会将你转介给言语病理学家或听力学家，他们可以帮助评估病因并制定前进的道路。早期的干预措施通常是最有效的，因此明智的做法是尽早进行干预。
OPWDD 指南
家庭和社区
基于站点
住宅
金融
家庭支持
为儿童提供的服务
成人服务
为 0-3 岁儿童提供的服务
